Target Brand 7 - 788 Words

This apprehensible self-study book is designed to help students achieve their best personal score for IELTS exam in a few weeks. There’re a lot of books in this field to prepare you for IELTS exam, but many of them are so complicated and not understandable. The book is divided in four major sections –listening, reading, writing and speaking-like IELTS exam. All tips, techniques, strategies and advice are meant to be effective, increasing your task-solving speed, preventing typical mistakes and learning the tricks to face better with problems in each section of the exam. In the listening section, the author describes the routine of the exam and explains that listening is as a skill, not a gift. There are useful tips and strategies for improving your mark in listening such as: spelling task, know your clues in the recording, distraction in the recording-of younger and older people, men and women. You may also hear different accents-, chameleon questions, elimination and e tc. Furthermore, the writer explains about different tarps in listening.1 - unexpected turn: you might hear someone speak about one thing and, suddenly, change it to completely different thing. You have to know the rule that the last word counts. 2 – Generalization: you might hear a list of things and say them all in one word-that’s the answer. 3 – Explicit answer choice: they are most often the traps, so be careful don’t fall it. As a result, with learning all tips, strategies and tricks, you canShow MoreRelatedMarketing Pricing And Retail Strategy1339 Words   |  6 Pagesto their customer, therefore it is important that their pricing and retail strategy is perceived valuable by their target consumer market. Understanding what their customers want, when they want it, and how much they are willing to pay for it are key data points for marketing managers when determining strategy. When pricing and retail strategies coincide and portray value, the targe t consumer market positively responds. With numerous existing retail strategies ranging from small convenience storesRead MoreInternet Project : Target s Social Responsibility1064 Words   |  5 Pageswe resourced all of our owned brand shrimp products so that they’d meet the policy, which will make a huge impact in 2015. And with 95 percent of new products in 2014 meeting our policy, we expect to meet our goal early for owned brands, by mid-2015. 58% sustainable 4 3.Improve owned-brand packaging sustainability Enhance at least 50 owned-bad packaging designs to be more sustainable by 2016 By the end of fiscal 2014, we improved the design of 65 Target-owned-brand packages, achieving the goal twoRead MoreStrategic Focus And Plan For A New Mexican Market1513 Words   |  7 PagesStrategic Focus and Plan The mission statement of Target is, â€Å"to make Target the preferred shopping destination for our guests by delivering outstanding value, continuous innovation and an exceptional guest experience by consistently fulfilling our Expect More, Pay Less. Brand promise (Target.com).† The goal of expanding into a new Mexican market will be to effectively and efficiently market Target to Mexicans. Essentially, Target will be attempting to expand into a new market and successfully vieRead MoreCustomer-Driven Marketing Strategy:1131 Words   |  5 PagesA REPORT ON Customer-Driven Marketing Strategy: Creating Value for Target Customers INDEX SL.NO. TOPICS PAGE NO. 1. Market segmentation 1 2. Segmenting consumer markets 2-4 3. Segmenting business markets 4 4. Segmenting International markets 5 5. Requirements for effective segmentation 5-6 6. Market targeting Read MoreMcdonald s And Burger King Fast Food Contenders1488 Words   |  6 Pagesnoteworthy piece of the overall industry. Rivalry likewise obliges organizations to end up more proficient so as to lessen costs . McDonald s and Burger King fast food contenders , in light of the fact that it is limca and slive, retail-Mart and Target. †¢ diverse levels of rivalry †¢ Creation Type: †¢ Quotation and deals expenses and costs do offer promoting undertakings. Items in the item arrangement is viewed as that it is exceptionally †¢ Like taste , cost. †¢ Artefact Category: †¢ ProductsRead MoreMarketing Strategy: Enhancing Brand Equity by Developing a Brand Community1552 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..4 Brand Management Issues Recommended Solutions†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦....5 Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..9 Bibliography†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..10 Executive Summary This reports examines various successful hair care companies (Kevin Murphy/TreSemme), and through discussion of various of branding issues encountered, the following initiatives are recommended to enhance brand equity through our brand community: Partnership withRead MoreBurberry Investigative Report and Competitors Essay704 Words   |  3 PagesOverview Burberry is a luxury brand founded in Basingstoke, Hampshire, in 1856 by Thomas Burberry as a family business. In 2002, Burberry became a public company led by Angela Ahrendts. The company operates 260 retail stores and in high-end luxury department stores worldwide. The brand has two headquarters locations in London and New York City. Growth Profile The Burberry brand is offered in North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, and South America. In 2006, Burberry had sales of $1292.3 millionRead MoreMarketing Strategy Panadol1049 Words   |  5 Pagesbrain works by association. ï‚â€" Ibuprofen is analgesic and anti-inflammatory but Paracetamol is just analgesic. ï‚â€" The ‘dol’ in Panadol is derived from the Latin word ‘dolor’, meaning pain 3 Content ï‚â€" Objectives ï‚â€" Panadol Background ï‚â€" Target Market ï‚â€" Current Marketing Strategies ï‚â€" 4 P’s ï‚â€" Analysis ï‚â€" Options ï‚â€" Conclusions ï‚â€" Next Step 4 Objectives ï‚â€" Analyse the current marketing strategies of Panadol ï‚â€" Recommend new strategies for Panadol 5 6 Panadol’s History 1956 Read MoreMKT 365964 Words   |  4 Pagesprinting of Midterm 6-7 1 of 3 http://www.studyblue.com/servlet/printFlashcardDeck?deckId=24761n... Midterm 6-7 rebecca sun Tue Oct 19 13:06:04 CDT 2010 To reach people who love to hunt, marketers would use psychographic segmentation TRUE Psychographic segmentation Used by marketers to group people by values, attitudes, personality and lifestyle The first step in market aggregation is to determine the primary demand trend within the targeted market TRUE The target market for dollsRead MoreBmw Case Study809 Words   |  4 Pagescompany was founded in 1916 as an aircraftengine manufacturer and produced engines during World War I and World War II. It evolved into a motorcycle and automobile maker by the mid-20th century, and today it is an internationally respected company and brand with â‚ ¬53 billion (about $76 billion) in revenues in 2008. BMW’s logo is one of the most distinct and globally recognized ever created. The signature BMW roundel looks like a spinning propeller blade set against a blue sky background—originally thought

Different Types of Organizational Structure - 1406 Words

Your work is going to fill a large part of your life, and the only way to be truly satisfied is to do what you believe is great work. And the only way to do great work is to love what you do. If you haven’t found it yet, keep looking. Don’t settle. As with all matters of the heart, you’ll know when you find it. – Steve Jobs As Steve Jobs states in the opening quote, â€Å"Your work is going to fill a large part of your life†, †and the only way to do great work is to love what you do†. Growing up we all had dreams of what organization we would work for. We dreamt of either owning our own organization or working for someone else’s. We all had different dreams because we all have a different genetic makeup that determined our personality†¦show more content†¦38. Joining and staying with the organization is the ability to get qualified employees to join and organization and stay. Maintaining work attendance is capability â€Å"to have everyone show up for work at the scheduled times.† (McShane, 2013) pg. 39-40. There have been more than 17,000 words that have been identified to describe personalities. Those 17,000 words have been narrowed down to five abstract personalities: conscientiousness, agreeableness, neuroticism, openness to experience and extraversion. â€Å"Conscientiousness characterizes people who are organized, dependable, goal-focused, thorough, disciplined, methodical, and industrious.† (McShane, 2013) pg. 42. Agreeableness, â€Å"includes traits of being trusting, helpful, good-natured, considerate, tolerant, selfless, generous, and flexible.† (McShane, 2013) pg. 42. Neuroticism, â€Å"characterizes people who tend to be anxious, insecure, self-conscious, depressed, and temperamental.† (McShane, 2013) pg. 42. Openness to experience refers, â€Å"to the extent to which people are imaginative, creative, unconventional, curious, nonconforming, autonomous, and aesthetically perceptive.† (McShane, 2013) pg. 43. Extraversion, â€Å"characteri zes people who are outgoing, talkative, energetic, sociable and assertive.† (McShane, 2013) pg. 43. As stated by Amarilis your personalities may change overtime and it is importantShow MoreRelatedComparison of Different Organizational Structures1425 Words   |  6 PagesOrganizational structure For any organization to be effective there has to be an effective organizational structure in place. An organizational structure is therefore a typically hierarchical arrangement of lines of authority, communications, rights and duties of an organization. In other words it is a form of structure that determines the hierarchy and reporting structure in the organization. In lay mans language it is referred to as organizational chart. An organizational structure that isRead MoreOrganizational Archetypes1355 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ Organizational Archetypes Grantham University Abstract The purpose of this paper is to examine Mintzberg’s organizational archetypes and to explain why an organizational template is a good idea. It will also explore briefly, the subject of teamwork and leadership and why there are not enough true leaders today. Organizational Archetypes To be successful, an organization has to be made up of quality people. It also hasRead MoreThe Structure of the Hotel Industry1587 Words   |  7 PagesWhat Are the Differences in Organizational Structures? Organizational structure development is driven by an organization s type. According to Lamar University, organizational structure is, â€Å"the formal system of task and reporting relationships that controls, coordinates, and motivates employees so that they cooperate to achieve an organization s goals.† Depending on the type of business or organization, the organizational structure will be developed differently. For example, if you were runningRead MoreFred Meyer Organizational Structure Essay1235 Words   |  5 PagesThe Process of Fred Meyer’s Organizational Structure Selection MGT230 January 29, 2013 The Process of Fred Meyer’s Organizational Structure Selection Introduction According to Bateman and Snell, â€Å"Two fundamental concepts around which organizations are structured are differentiation and integration† (2011, pg. 227). Differentiation refers to the different units that work on different kinds of tasks with the use of different skills and work methods in anRead MoreDisadvantages Of Organizational Structure811 Words   |  4 PagesOrganizational structure is a framework used to define the hierarchy of an organization. â€Å"An organization’s structure depends on a number of factors, including culture, top management’s preferences, the number of employees, geographic dispersion and the range of a company’s products and services† (Walston, 2014, p. 274). Also, it dictates individual job, its function, workflow and reporting system within the organization. This structure is developed to operate the organization efficiently and obtainRead MoreOrganizational Culture : An Organization Function1188 Wo rds   |  5 PagesOrganizational Culture The organizational culture is essentially the personality of the company. Each workplace has a unique atmosphere because of the different types of people that work there. These people bring their experiences into the office and through interaction, create a culture within the company. It is important to recognize the organizational culture just like it is important to recognize a country’s culture; it makes business interactions go smoother when you are informed about theRead MoreOrganizational Structure Essay1147 Words   |  5 PagesTo: MG 561 Class From: Jessica Rushing Subject: â€Å"Organizational Structure† Introduction: Organizational structure provides the framework of an organization determining how roles and responsibilities are delegated throughout the different levels of the organization. It has been defined by some as the looking glass through which coworkers see their organization and its surrounding environment while others have described structure as the backbone of the organization. In this memo, I willRead MoreOrganizational Structure and Culture661 Words   |  3 PagesOrganizational Structure and Culture Introduction In this week’s assignment we will be looking at organizational structure and organizational culture. We will first look at how organizational culture impacts organizational structure and vice versa. Then look at how organizational structure interacts and impacts the organization’s decision process. Organizational Cultures Impact on Organizational Structure The first part of this week’s assignment was to look at how organizational structure impactsRead MoreAdvantages And Disadvantages Of Organisational Functions882 Words   |  4 Pagesbetween organizational functions and its impact that can have upon organizational structure. Organizational functions within an organization are Sales and Marketing, production, human resources, finance, Research development, and Purchasing etc. Each of them work together to achieve the organizational objectives. Interrelation of these function relay on the base on dependency and also the structure of organization. Relationship of these function different in each organizational structure. InterrelationRead More Organizational Behavior Essay973 Words   |  4 Pages Organizational Behavior: A Case of Effective Management nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; â€Å"Organizational structure is the formal system of task and reporting relationships that controls, coordinates, and motivates employees so that they cooperate and work together to achieve the organization’s goals†. (George et al, 2002). The importance of structure can’t be stressed enough. Having an organizational structure ensures that each member of the organization has the correct goals of their particular

How Do Online Communication Tools Affect Us Free Essays

Communication tools that I am going to talk about are based on network, and how do they affect us. The communication tools which are web-based are two main types. It includes social networking sites and instant message. We will write a custom essay sample on How Do Online Communication Tools Affect Us or any similar topic only for you Order Now For the social networking sites, it includes facebook, twitter, and Friendster. These are the website which gives people a lot of fun and also some affects. Instant message it includes MSN, Yahoo messenger, and skype. These help people to get contact with their friends, and families. In the past, there was no computer, no internet. If people live far away from each other, the way of they can contact with each other are that they can write a letter, or call each other. They cannot see each other until they meet at the same place, it is very sad of when you miss someone but you could not see them in front of you. But for now, we have improved the technology. We have got computer, internet and some ipad, iphone. Therefore we can just go to the computer and have a video conversation with your families and friends. The communication tools help us to save the time and money to see families in front of you, with these communication tools, you can know what is your friend thinking. And also can see your families through the skype. For these web-based communication tools, it has its superficial and personal sides. So I am going to talk about how it performance in a superficial and personal side. It is superficial when you are using the facebook to post your status to show your emotion and other people can comment or like it. It also can let you knowyou’re your friends doing. Facebook allows you to find friends and make new friends, it will send you a friend request, and it might not become your real friend. Because it does not let you meet friend, the only thing you can do is to talk with the new friend, and see the profile picture. Sometimes the profile picture might not be a real one. It also can chat with the online friends. Facebook also have a personal side when you use it. For example, when there is a friend request, you can choose to accept or reject. It also has some affects when we use facebook, because people will get addicted. For students, they might be online their facebook while they are doing homework, students can be disturbed by facebook. For example, when you doing your homework, you found out that you cannot do questions on yourself, then you will go to upload a new status to say that â€Å"I cannot do this question† and then you will be keep playing with the facebook. It is personal when you using the instant message. You can find you friends and families, and search for their username and add them to chat with them whenever you miss them. It also can have a chat with video on, therefore you can see what is your friends or families doing. It is more real than you chat with friends on Facebook. It also can let you to talk with whoever you want to, and have a multi-people conversation. As the technology improves so fast, for a multinational company, they can have their meeting on the video. It saves staff’s time and money to travel from one place to another for a meeting only. It is easy in communication, because you can choose who you want to talk with, if you don’t want to talk with the person, you can just ignore. I think, for instant message, it does not really affect us. It helps us a lot, its different with facebook, which we can gey addicted. For conclusion, I think that communication tools have two sides, which are superficial, and personal, it helps people like we can get contact through the instant message, and see your friends and families on the video. It also affects us by let us to be addicted. Spend a lot of time on facebook. How to cite How Do Online Communication Tools Affect Us, Papers

Analysis Of One Perfect Rose Essay Example For Students

Analysis Of One Perfect Rose Essay In her poem One Perfect Rose, Dorothy Parker misleads the reader throughout the first and second stanzas into believing this poem is a romantic tribute to a tender moment from her past through her word choice and style of writing. However, the tone of the entire poem dramatically changes upon reading the third and final stanza when Parker allows the reader to understand her true intention of the poem, which is a cynical and perhaps bewildered view of the memory. And, with this shift in the tone in the third stanza, there is a shift in the meaning of the entire poem, leading the reader to believe that the first two stanzas were not, in fact, sweet but instead a sarcastic and bitter account of this past moment. In the first stanza, Dorothy Parker uses specific words to create a double meaning. She uses words like tenderly, pure, and perfect to describe both the rose and its sender. The words directly influence the readers initial reaction to the poem, as does the way in which she writes the poem. The stanza has four lines with every other line rhyming ABAB format. It is short and sweet with a melodic quality in its reading. This musical quality definitely helps to lull the reader into the belief that the poems intention is to come across as a romantic recollection. However, in reading the poem through a second time, equipped with the knowledge of its true bitter notions, the reader sees what is purposely hidden but directly affects the overall tone. Parker mentions first and foremost the fact that this gentleman sent her a single flowr and ends the stanza with the phrase one perfect rose. There is a repetition here that at first the reader passes off as her noting the delicacy of the solitary flower. Upon reading the last stanza, it is realized that she is actually pointing out the fact that the only thing she received was one flower-thats it. And, although there is a melodic quality to the rhythm to this poem, this rhythm accentuates the abruptness of her speech. She cuts lines off and speaks in short fragmented sentences. This, again, is something that is not noticed in the first read-through, but it does stand out after this initial reading. It almost seems as if Parker could not be bothered to spend too much time on the poem: its as if it w as not worth the time or the effort. The second stanza is similar in content to the first. There are words Parker uses to deceive the reader at first- fragile, heart, love, and perfect. There are again four lines to the stanza with the odd and the even lines rhyming. And, of course, there are those words that the reader misses the first time reading it through. Her use of the word floweret is a perfect example of this. She cunningly makes a show of the fact that this is one, single flower by itself, but  because the word rhymes with the word amulet two lines down, this mocking goes unnoticed. As does her the true meaning of the line Love long has taken for his amulet. Using this rose as the unknown gentlemans call sign at first seems cute. Superman has his S, this gentleman has his One perfect rose. The reader comes to realize that this symbol is not an honorable one. In the third and final stanza, Parker really shines the light on her true intention for this poem. She continues with the same format as the previous two stanzas, four lines with every other line rhyming and short, fragmented lines. However, her real feelings come out loud and clear in this stanza where they did not in the first two. She did not want that one, singe rose. She wanted more, perhaps one perfect limousine. Here not only does she inform us what she wanted; she mocks what she did receive. Each line ends with the line One perfect rose, including the last stanza. And. In using the phrase one perfect limousine she makes her feeling completely obvious. The rose was unnecessary and unwanted. .u98d69deade03664d95d2251175059f5b , .u98d69deade03664d95d2251175059f5b .postImageUrl , .u98d69deade03664d95d2251175059f5b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u98d69deade03664d95d2251175059f5b , .u98d69deade03664d95d2251175059f5b:hover , .u98d69deade03664d95d2251175059f5b:visited , .u98d69deade03664d95d2251175059f5b:active { border:0!important; } .u98d69deade03664d95d2251175059f5b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u98d69deade03664d95d2251175059f5b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u98d69deade03664d95d2251175059f5b:active , .u98d69deade03664d95d2251175059f5b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u98d69deade03664d95d2251175059f5b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u98d69deade03664d95d2251175059f5b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u98d69deade03664d95d2251175059f5b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u98d69deade03664d95d2251175059f5b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u98d69deade03664d95d2251175059f5b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u98d69deade03664d95d2251175059f5b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u98d69deade03664d95d2251175059f5b .u98d69deade03664d95d2251175059f5b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u98d69deade03664d95d2251175059f5b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Essay on Analysis Of Zeitoun And His Family 's Experience With Hurricane Katrina EssayUsing it three time over in the same phrase still did not have the same effect that using the word limousine once in the same phrase did. Parker is clearly trying to say that if this gentleman was going to make an effort, he should have made it for something worth her time. And by reading this poem, the reader can assume that a rose is not worthy. This poem is deceptively worded and simple in design. The author, Dorothy Parker, obviously is trying to achieve some shock value for the reader and succeeds in doing so. Her intention is to create an incorrect tone and give the reader a false sense of security in the poems initial innocence so that when she does reveal the true tone and persona, the reader will see it immediately and understand it thoroughly. Had she droned on about her cynical and bitter recollection of this memory, the reader would have lost interest in the whining. Instead, she sneaks up on the reader with the true nature of her feelings and it makes the poem and the readers understanding of it truly dynamic.

Baroque Art Essays - Architectural Styles, Decorative Arts

Baroque Art During the Baroque period, new ideas and views of society and of religion spurred up. To express these new ideas many artists used the ideas of past artists to further expand their own motives. " If I have seen further (than you and Descartes), it is by standing upon the shoulders of Giants." Sir Isaac Newton, 1676 The artists of the baroque period were using past ideals as a ladder to the prevalent and the gallant. Four pieces of art that exceplified the usage of the great minds of the past were; The Rape of the Sabine Women by Nicholas Poussin, The east fa?ade of the Louvre Palace, The View of Delft by Jan Vermeer and The Palace of Versailles. The magnificent artwork of Nicholas Poussin shows the mixture of Roman architecture and ideas. He copied the body sculptures and the basilicas of ancient Rome and added them to his medium of oil. Poussin traveled to Roman museums for inspiration and models. In The Rape of the Sabine Women, he shows how he balanced his art by carefully arranging opposites. Since he used statues for models, the people in his painting look to be chiseled and very statuesque. Poussin also uses a background of a Roman city to further enhance his love for the classical world. He sought for permanent in the momentary and the universal in the individual. Many artists of the time turned to classical Greece and Rome for their ideas. Another prime example is the East Fa?ade of the Louvre Palace in Paris, France. KING LOUIS XIV originally commissioned this piece of work to Gianlorenzo Bernini in 1665. The king's finance minister felt " it left the king housed no better than before." so his plan was rejected and a French architect named Claude Perrault was appointed to finish the job. This palace had to grand enough for the "sun-king", so Perrault used classical influences to achieve the proper grandness fit for a king. He used a long Corinthian colonnade, friezes, and pilasters. This acted as a restraining influence to the baroque ideas of the time. Greek and Roman art influenced many Europeans, especially the monarchs of the time. No monarch showed that better than King Louis XIV of France. His rule of France's nobles required a large palace to be built to accommodate and preoccupy the people that could have threatened his absolute power. During his rule he added the Hall of Mirrors, four large wings, stables, and a chapel to the Versailles Palace. The palace contains hundreds of Corinthian columns and pilasters. The columns are ornately decorated with gold leaf and colorful paints. This palace is an incorporation of grandiose baroque ideas and elegant classical ideas. The building is symmetrical, logical and is an application of absolute space composition. As many architects went to classical ideals, many painters revived Renaissance ideals. In the View of Delft, Jan Vermeer shows the ideas of landscape and perspective that were discovered during the Renaissance. This painting is unique because it has no single vanishing point and its pictorial space is in a horizontal sweep. The light in this painting is coming from a cloudy sky that is dispersing it unevenly throughout the town landscape. Using this light method, the city's buildings are colored by different shades of the sunlight. Vermeer added his own inventive subjects as well as past ideas to his paintings. The Baroque period illustrated the respect and the love for classical art forms as well as other past forms. It was a melting pot of classical and baroque ideas that further expanded the arts and ideas of the world. Using past ideas along with current original ideas can make a new art form. The Baroque period was the epitome of this ideal and showed it very well with its excellent architecture, paintings, and sculptures.

Why Technological Advances Led to Government Acts

Why Technological Advances Led to Government Acts Outline There have been many changes in the advancement of information technology over the past two decades. Legal acts were created to better classify the rapid changes of technology and to protect the public. Many people find technology confusing, and there are people who take advantage of that weakness.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Why Technological Advances Led to Government Acts specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Legal acts were created to protect people from the unknown or the confusing. Two of these necessary acts were the Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA), created in 1998, and the Controlling the Assault of Non-solicited Pornography and Marketing (CAN-SPAM) Act, created in 2003. At the peak of the technology age, the majority of people, especially children, wanted to be a part of the technology trend. They wanted to join chat groups and message boards. They wanted to be able to contact their friends, and make new friends. The problem was that children often revealed personal information to the wrong people. Children tend to trust what people say. As an example, the child may not realize or even consider that the 12 year old girl they are chatting with could actually be a 40 year old man. They can quickly and easily compromise their personal safety. The Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA) protects minor children that are under the age of thirteen. At the time of creation, websites were collecting and using personal information about children, information that could essentially be accessed by anyone. This caused an unsafe potential for public profile viewing. As an example, before the COPPA Act, a child could post on message boards or participate in chat groups alongside adults. This endangered the privacy of the child and put them at risk from harm by online predators. The COPPA act was created to help hide the personal identity of a ch ild. Typically, children cannot be held accountable for sharing their personal information; they do not understand the implications. This act protects the unknowing child from the predator. The Assault of Non-solicited Pornography and Marketing Act (CAN-SPAM) was created to stop the email of unsolicited pornographic material and commercial solicitation. Pornographic emails were seen as predatory and abusive. Spam email was consuming the inbox; approximately half of all emails consisted of unsolicited spam messages.Advertising Looking for research paper on public administration? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More One goal of the CAN-SPAM Act was to eliminate fraud and deception. Another goal was to free the inbox so that people were able to receive email correspondence that they actually wanted. With the mass spamming seen before the act was implemented, there was a risk of losing important messages amidst the junk mail. For some people there was the need for additional email storage, costing them more money. There was also the need for excess time to remove spam from their inbox. Unsolicited email was costly and time consuming; regulation was needed to help people cope with the problem. When technology began to advance quickly, there were problems that arose just as quickly. The government needed to find a way to protect the people before they made a costly mistake. The Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act and the Controlling the Assault of Non-solicited Pornography and Marketing Act were just two acts created to ensure the security of the individual within the nation. People continue to look for the newest and most efficient way to share information; these acts and many others allow them to pursue the advances of technology with less fear. References Childrens Online Privacy Protection Act of 1998. (1998). Retrieved from COPPA Childrens Online Privacy Protection Act: coppa.org/coppa.h tm Controlling the Assault of Non-Solicited Pornography and Marketing. (2011). Web.

Social Work Practice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Social Work Practice - Essay Example Ethical practices on the other hand are values that offer a community organization directives for action gotten from the desired outcomes (Dolgoff, et al, 2008). Ethical practices most often are activities that pertain to clinical work with individuals. It is however important to regards ethical practices as helpful to a community organization in it struggle for social justice. Looked at carefully, there is no doubt that there exist an ethical dilemma regarding the silence among the workers on the best intervention to solve the escalating problem of homeless in the community. In this regard, I am referring to the community indifference on the problem of homeless, a situation that should not persist in the first place because there is already a community organization operating in the area. It is particularly disgusting that community members have decided to look the other way to a community problem instead of confronting it head-on as is supposed to be the case. In looking at this ethical dilemma, I have decided to first identify the ethical principle defining the dilemma I am faced with using the Loewenberg and Dolgoff’s ethical principle screen. In doing so, I have identified two ethical principles in the Loewenberg and Dolgoff’s ethical principle screen namely; ethical principles of the protection of life, equality and inequality, and a dec ent quality of life. From the case there is no doubt that a problem of exclusivity exists in this organization. This exclusivity has taken the shape of racism that in all intent and purposes in dangerous to the organization, especially bearing in mind that this organization serves people of different races. There is no doubt that I am new in the organization and not even fully and permanently employed and therefore my ideas and suggestion might be b e taken with a degree of contempt. It is also not in doubt that the workforce as is currently constituted is unlikely to appreciate and accommodate some

Staff Satisfaction in Market Competition Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Staff Satisfaction in Market Competition - Essay Example As the paper declares employee satisfaction has been proven to be directly related to overall productivity within an organization, whether the employees are in direct contact with the end consumer or not. This relationship can perhaps best be seen in the service-profit chain described by a report given by members of the Harvard Business School faculty. This discussion stresses that the Purdue University study supported this service-profit chain in reverse by focusing on the employees within corporations who had little to no actual contact with the end consumer. This study also demonstrated that the happy employee deep within the company is more likely to work hard to help other employees within the company with whom they have contact. These other employees, feeling their voices are heard and satisfied that their needs are met, are then more likely to take personal interest in pleasing the customers. These satisfied customers increase exponentially into a loyal market base and much greater profitability for the company. More than a cooperative team working together to meet the customers’ needs, companies with happy, productive employees increase their productivity simply by reducing the need to train new employees as a result of high turnover thanks to an increased employee loyalty. This employee loyalty developed as a result of customer service within the organization further translates to a more competitive market edge. Loyal employees have an active interest in helping their company be successful.

Organizational Culture in Multinational Corporations Research Paper

Organizational Culture in Multinational Corporations - Research Paper Example The culture in general and broad-spectrum comprises of assumptions, beliefs, values, norms, customs, artifacts, and several other components, likewise organization also have its norms, values, principles, and policies that makeup characteristics of the organization. In the view of many experts and theorists, culture can come under illustration and distinguish itself on three levels (Schneider, 1988). Behavior and artifacts are considered the most obvious and manifest level as it encompasses the behavioral structure of the populace of a particular culture. Values or the principles are the subsequent levels that motivate, inspire, and figure out the actions of the people. Assumptions, hypothesis, values, and attitude are the distant and rooted level and considered the most vital and imperative level to apprehend (Schneider, 1988). In order to understand the effective functioning of the organization, it is pivotal to identify with the culture first as it is a complete experience of the happenings and circumstances that encircles the entire population of the world (Alvesson, 2002).  Ã‚   Although organizational culture has come under analysis and study from a wide variety of aspects, yet it does not have a solitary and distinct definition as it is complicated and tricky to articulate in a noticeable or apparent manner. Some schools of thought even refer the organizational culture as a system where the key in elements are the response and opinion from various characteristics such as the general population, laws, and ethical, moral and competition principals. The beliefs, hypothesis, ethics, and customs based on factors such as time, money, people etc. amalgamate as a process that produces the output in the form of the consequences including the organizational behaviors, strategies, policies, products, brand image and many more (Brenton &  Driskill, 2010). For the last few decades, organizational culture has gained substantial recognition, and outstretched and broad acknowledgment amongst the employees of the organization as it has been a pivotal source for identifyi ng and becoming aware with the behaviors and attitudes of the human systems. Organizational culture is the combined recipe of principles and attitudes that make up the inimitable and distinctive shared surroundings and atmosphere for the enterprise (Brenton &  Driskill, 2010). In other words, organizational culture is the merger of values, beliefs, experiences, assumptions, documented and unrecorded rules and regulations, policies and viewpoints of the organizational members that contributes in the company’s brand image, internal working environment, communions and dealing with the external sources, and upcoming prospects and opportunities since the time the enterprise initiated until the current date (Alvesson, 2002).  

Instructional Design | Definitions and Principles

Instructional Design | Definitions and Principles Section 1 – My Definition of Instructional Design According to the Internet Wikipedia, â€Å"Instructional Design, also called Instructional Systems Design is the practice of maximizing the effectiveness, efficiency and appeal of instruction and other learning experiences.† The course of action to be undertaken is made up in a broad sense of deciding the state in which the learner is in as we see it, stating the end purpose of the teaching, and cause the existence of some light at the end of the tunnel so as to make the transition smooth. Andragogical and pedagogical theories of learning inform the instructional design process which may transpire in three settings; teacher-led, community-based and student-only. Instructional design may be measured scientifically, observable directly or hidden completely and assumed. As much as there may be so many models of Instruction design, most of them are based on the ADDIE model in which the different phases are analyzed; design phase, development phase, implementation phase and evaluation phase. Training is everything. The peach was once a biter almond; cauliflower is nothing but cabbage with a college education (Mayer et al, 1996). In addition, Nadler (1984) postulates that training is defined as learning that is provided in order to improve performance on the present job. â€Å"Instructional Design is the systematic process of translating general principles of learning and instruction into plans for instructional materials and learning† (Alessi Trollip, 1991). Most authors have looked at Instructional Design as a Discipline, a Science, and a Process and also as a Reality. â€Å"Instructional Design is the systematic development of instructional specifications using learning and instructional theory to ensure the quality of instruction. It is the entire process of analysis of learning needs and goals and the development of a delivery system to meet those needs. It includes development of instructional materials and activities; and tryout and evaluation of all instruction and learner activities† (Gentry, 1994). Instruction Design can also be explained as a Discipline. â€Å"Instructional Design is that branch of knowledge concerned with research and theory about instructional strategies and the process for developing and implementing those strategies† (Anglin, 1991). It can also be explained as reality. â€Å"Instructional Design can start at any point in the design process. Often a glimmer of an idea is developed to give the core of an instruction situation. By the time the entire process is done the designer looks back and her or him checks to see that all parts of the â€Å"science† have been taken into account. Then the entire process is written up as if it occurred in a systematic fashion† (Venezky, R. Osin, L., 1991). Instructional design is the systematic development of instruction by using learning and instructional research and theories, as well as established best practices, to ensure the quality of classroom/course materials (Learner, 1986). The entire process of analysis of what a group of learners needs, objective identification and development of learning objects constitutes instructional design. Instructional design cannot come to a standstill at some point then pick up again. It is an ongoing process. When instruction comes to a completion, there is evaluation and after this the instruction design starts all over again. From the many authors, I can say instruction design is a process in which instruction is followed up to its completion and also the means and ways the same could be achieved. In education, instruction is part and parcel of the system. It is therefore important that means to follow instructions by students is looked into. Research and observations has it that most students do not fail because there is anything wrong with them but they fail because everything is right with them but cannot follow instructions! Section2 – The principles of Instructional Design Before looking at the key principles of Instructional design, we need to list the most important of the principles and elements of the instruction design. They include; objectives, evaluation, the learner and methods. We are going to look at the most important elements of the four principles of instruction design and see how they fit in the instruction design models that exist. Under the elements of the instruction, for one to develop a good instruction design then we need to identify the people the instruction is being developed for. This gives us a starting point. It becomes clear immediately when we have the target audience. In this way, we can profile the targeted audience and out of the profiling, we may get a rough idea of how to design the instruction. It is also important to come up with a list of things that the people for whom the instruction is being developed for should be able to accomplish after going through the instruction. This also adds some meat to the skeleton of the design of the instruction we have from the profiling we did above after identifying the people the instruction is being designed for. This is like starting from the end in order to design the instruction. Once we have an idea of what a learner should have achieved by the end of the instruction then we can come up with the best ways in which to achieve the same for the learner. Some of the things we need to think about are the teaching methods or learning methods that could be employed so as to have the objectives achieved in the best way possible (Mayer, 2001). Activities to be included in the design and resources to be used are also very important factors that we should also look into. The way to look at them is to have an established plan of how to use the resources and the activities in order to achieve the objectives of the instruction design. Another element that needs to be looked at is a way of knowing whether the learner has been able to do the things the learner should be able to do once the instruction is complete. This is some kind of the examination of the design of the instruction. One wise man once said that an unexamined life is a wasted life. Examination in whatever we do is very crucial and so it is also very important in the design of an instruction (Newby et al., 1996). It is the examination that reveals whether something is working or not. It is also good for us to put measures in place so as to determine whether the design of the instruction has made the learner learn something. Evaluation of the learning characteristics, objectives of the instruction and the methods of instruction needs to happen before taking on the actual instruction design. Learner characteristics are one of the factors to put into consideration before designing an instruction. It is very important to run a background check on the level of exposure the learner has on the topic, the grades of the learner and also how the learner has been performing academically in the past not necessary in the instruction topic but in general. The social characteristics o rather personal characteristics have to be looked at. The learners work experience, age, the relation of the content of the instruction to the leaners life and the attitude as well. It is also good to put non-conventional learners into consideration. These may include the learners who have disabilities, learners from different cultures and also primary language learners. The style of the learner is also put into consideration. This means looking at the conditions the learner has to be in when learning. Lastly, we all know that when one is motivated, the motivation quickly serves as an ingredient for success (Sweller, 1988). The motivation of a leaner is also a point to look at. Some of the pointers are the students grade, a persons credit, the self improvement of a person, the salary one earns and also the advancement of ones status. Section 3- Models of Instructional Design ADDIE model The ADDIE model is the most common of all models. The acronym ADDIE stands for five words which make up the five phases of the ADDIE model. The â€Å"A† stands for analyze. The analysis is of things like the characteristics of the learner, the tasks that the learner should learn. The â€Å"D† stands for design where the learning objectives are developed and also an approach that is instructional in nature is chosen in this phase. The second â€Å"D† stands for develop where the training or the instructional materials are brought to existence. The â€Å"I† stands for a big word and the word is the â€Å"I† stands for is implement. Implementation in a nutshell involves the distribution of the materials containing the instructions. Lastly, the â€Å"E† stands for evaluate. In the evaluation phase, checking of how the materials distributed in the implementation phase affected the learner takes place (Saettler, 1990). It is in this phase that we a re able to know whether the goals for designing the instruction were achieved. Most models of instruction design have been modified from the ADDIE model. Rapid Prototyping Rapid prototyping is a model that was adopted from the ADDIE model. It is considered a simpler version of the ADDIE model b y many instruction designers. The heart of Instruction design is the analysis phase. This phase comes first. It is the doorway to the other four phases of instruction design (Seels Glasgow, 1990). It is after the analysis stage that we are in a position to choose the instruction design model that is most suited for the design of the instruction. This is because it is only after understanding exactly what we are dealing with is one able to pick the right bus to take him or her to the right destination. Analysis should be done thoroughly. Most instruction designers do not do a thorough job when it comes to analysis. The result of this is pretty much obvious. This is synonymous to expecting a very strong house to be sustained by a very weak foundation (Smith Ragan, 1993). The analysis is the foundation of the house called instructional design. It is therefore encouraged that at the analysis stage, a lot of time and keenness should be put into the analysis so as to gather as much information as possible. The Dick and Carey Systems Approach Model In the book entitled The Systematic Design of Instruction, which was published in 1978, Walter Dick and Lou Carey came up with The Dick and Carey Systems Approach Model. In this model, the instruction is not viewed as a breakdown of parts isolated but as a system. Its main focus is on the interrelationship between content, instruction, context and learning. â€Å"Components such as the instructor, learners, materials, instructional activities, delivery system, and learning and performance environments interact with each other and work together to bring about desired student learning outcomes† (Clark et al, 2006). The components to this model include instructional goal identification, instructional analysis conduction, learners and contexts analyzing, writing of performance objectives, developing of assessment instruments, developing of instructional strategy, developing and selecting of instructional materials, designing and conducting formative evaluation of instruction, revi sion of instruction and lastly, designing and conducting of summative evaluation. In the Dick and Carey Systems Approach Model, the execution of components is done in an iterative, parallel manner and not in a linear manner as in the Rapid prototyping. Apart from the above mentioned models, there exists the Instructional Development Learning System (IDLS), the Smith/Ragan Model and the Morrison/Ross/Kemp Model. Section 4- Relationships Between the Principles and the Models In this section we are going to look at the way the models have applied the key principles of instruction design. As we had seen in section two, the key principles of instruction design include; objective, evaluation, the learner and methods. Our goal in this section is to see how the models of instruction design have taken the principles of instruction design and blended than in the models of instruction design. We had also seen that the ADDIE model was broken down into five phases and these were analysis, design, development, implementation and evaluation phase. At the analysis, all the blind spots to the problem are removed and this is where the goals and objectives are established. It is at this stage that the identification of the skills the learner needs is identified and the learning environment determined. The analysis stage in the ADDIE model goes hand in hand with the principle of objectivity. This shows that the ADDIE instruction model has used one of the principles of objectivity as per the analysis above. At the design level, the objectives determines in the analysis level are learnt. At the design phase, the instruments to be used to asses are determined, the content of the exercises to be done are also determined. Planning of the lessons as well as the selection of media is done here. This is consistent with the principle of methods. Under the methods principle, all the items looked at are more or less similar to the ones put into consideration under the design phase in the ADDIE model. Under the evaluation phase in the ADDIE model, there exist two sides to the coin; summative and formative. Formative has been there in each and every phase in the ADDIE model. However, Summative evaluation is specific to an identified area of problem from the learners. Under the lists of principles used in the design of an instruction, there is the principle of evaluation. This goes to show that the ADDIE is consistent with the key principles of Instructional design. If we were to look at Rapid prototyping, we can say that it is also consistent with the principles of instructional design. We can say this because it is a simpler version of the ADDIE model meaning it is very similar to the ADDIE model and since the ADDIE is compliant with the principles of Instructional design, Rapid prototyping also is consistent with the key principles of instructional design. So far, we have looked at ADDIE model and also Rapid prototyping in relation to the key principles of instruction design. The Dick and Carey Systems Approach Model is seen to have quite a number of components of which we are going to look at each and every component to see of it is consistent with the key principles of instruction design or not (Paas et al., 2004). This is the model that looks at instruction as a system and not a sum of isolated parts. The identification of a goal is consistent with the objectives principle. The conducting of the analysis of the instruction is rather on its own there. There seems to be no principle in tandem with the analysis of the instruction. The principle of objectivity is in line with the analysis of learners and contexts. Writing of performance objectives can be put under the objective principle. The developing of the instruments to be used in the assessment can fit quite well under the methods principle (Clark Mayer, 2002 Cooper Sweller, 1987). The development of the instructional strategy to be used when distributing the instructions can be out under methods. The evaluation of the instruction, revision of the instruction and the summative evaluation will all fall under the evaluation principle. We can safely say therefore that all the components of the Dick and Carey Systems Approach model all follow the principles of the key principles of the design of instruction. Most models adhere to the simple key principles of instruction design. Section 5-My Lesson Plan Subject Matter and Grade Level The subject matter I choose for my lesson plan is geometry for the 6th graders. The reason behind this choice is firstly because when I was in the 6th grade, geometry was not a smooth ride but when I moved to higher grades, I felt so stupid for not being able to understand the simple geometry the teacher always taught. I would tail the class in geometry and this was not a good feeling as it interfered with my ability to grasp other subjects confidently. I can easily identify with kids whom their teachers would clearly, loudly and publically say that they have given up on them. This is because they never get above a certain grade in some subjects. This is what my teacher used to say and I would feel so inadequate. I have narrowed down to geometry because most kids at this stage feel that geometry or anything mathematical such as college algebra is hard and is beyond their capabilities (Chandler Sweller, 1991). The truth is with the principles and models of instructional design, there is nothing that cannot be learnt! The lesson I want to design is the simple formula on how to get the circumference of a circle. This was also an area I used to be confused at. Firstly, the confusion came when choosing the figure to put as diameter and the figure to put as radius. There may be students who have no problem with this but my target is the students who have time and time again gotten this geometric question wrong. The Model The model I choose to work it is the Dick and Carey Systems Approach Model. I chose this model because I want to have a system approach to the instruction and not as a sum of little instruction bits and pieces. The goal of the instruction is to prompt the learner to give the circumference of a circle whether operating from the radius or the diameter. The instruction can either be wordy or delivered using the mathematical language. The Lesson The sixth graders analyzed cannot tell the difference between the radius and the diameter and this may be the reason as to why the question is failed so many times. The performance objectives are to see a bigger percentage of the sixth graders getting questions related to the circumference of a circle correct. In school, every single mark is important just the same way as in life, every small thing done to enhance your life counts. The assessment instrument to be used is a geometry test. The strategy in getting the objectives met is to make the learning process as interesting as possible. For example, instead of drawing boring shapes using chalk on the board, we use colorful shapes and abstract shapes so as to make learning less formal for the students to relate with the interesting shapes (Kemp et al., 1996). These will be the interesting instructing materials. The formative way of checking if the instruction did work is by looking at the marks to the geometry test. If the grades ar e higher than what they were then the instruction design process was a success. Relationships The model is consistent with my theory of learning because of the components. B following the components of the Dick and Carey Systems Approach Model, I already could feel how easy the learning process has been broken down. This is exactly what I believe learning is all about. It is about taking the â€Å"complex† stuff and simplifying it further into step by step basic components which can easily be digested by the learners whom you have already profiled. The model also allows for evaluation (Mayer, 1997). Whenever there is learning, the learnt information has to be examined for the instructor to know whether their way of instruction design helps or not. References Alessi, S., Trollip, S. (1991). Computer-based instruction. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall Inc.. Anglin, G. (Ed.). (1991). Instructional technology: Past, present and future. Englewood, Colorado: Libraries Unlimited. Chandler, P. Sweller, J. (1991). Cognitive Load Theory and the Format of Instruction.† Cognition and Instruction 8 (4): 293–332. Cooper, G., Sweller, J. (1987). Effects of schema acquisition and rule automation on mathematical problem-solving transfer.† Journal of Educational Psychology 79 (4): 347–362. Clark, R.C., Mayer, R.E. (2002). e-Learning and the Science of Instruction: Proven Guidelines for Consumers and Designers of Multimedia Learning. San Francisco: Pfeiffer. Clark, R. C., Nguyen, F., and Sweller, J. (2006). Efficiency in Learning: Evidence-Based Guidelines to Manage Cognitive Load. San Francisco: Pfeiffer. Gentry, C. (1994). Introduction to instructional development. Belmont, California: Wadsworth Publishing Co. Kemp, J., Morrison, G., Ross, S. (1996). Designing effective instruction. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc. Learner, R. (1986). Concepts and Theories of Human Development (2nd ed.). New York: Random House). Mayer, R.E. (1997). Multimedia Learning: Are We Asking the Right Questions?† EducationalPsychologist 32 (41): 1–19. Mayer, R.E. (2001). Multimedia Learning. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Mayer, R.E., Bovet, W. Bryman, A. Mars, R. Tapangco, L. (1996).When Less Is More:Meaningful Learning From Visual and Verbal Summaries of Science Textbook Lessons. Journal of Educational Psychology. 88 (1): 64–73. Mayer, R.E., Steinhoff, K., Bower, G. and Mars, R. (1995). A generative theory of textbook design: Using annotated illustrations to foster meaningful learning of science text.† Educational Technology Research and Development. 43 (1): 31–41. Nadler, Leonard (1984). The Handbook of Human Resource Development. New York: John Wiley Sons. Newby, T., Stepich, D., Lehman, J., Russell, J. (1996). Instructional technology for teaching and learning. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall Inc.. Paas, F., Renkl, A. Sweller, J. (2004). Cognitive Load Theory: Instructional Implications of the Interaction between Information Structures and Cognitive Architecture. Instructional Science 32: 1–8. Sweller, J. (1988). Cognitive load during problem solving: Effects on learning. Cognitive Science 12 (1): 257–285. Sweller, J., Cooper, G. A. (1985). The use of worked examples as a substitute for problem solving in learning algebra. Cognition and Instruction 2 (1): 59–89. Saettler, P. (1990). The evolution of American educational technology. Stolovitch, H.D, Keeps, E. (1999). Handbook of human performance technology. Seels, B. Glasgow, Z. (1990). Exercises in instructional design. Columbus, Ohio: Merrill Publishing Company. Seels, B. Glasgow, Z. (1998). Making instructional design decisions. Columbus, Ohio: Merrill Publishing Company. Smith, P. Ragan, T. (1993). Instructional design. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice- Hall, Inc. Venezky, R. Osin, L. (1991). The intelligent design of computer-assisted instruction. New York: Longman. Furagin: Forced Degradation Studies Furagin: Forced Degradation Studies

Serial Killers Essay -- Papers Psychology Murder Crime Essays

Serial Killers Introduction to Psychology Introduction In the past two decades, the creature known as the serial killer has captured the attention of the American culture. With the dozens of books and movies centered around serial killers the term has become a trendy catch phrase, replacing earlier terms such as "homicidal maniac". Fiction and screenwriters use the term "serial killers" with such casual abandon that is seems the meaning of the term escapes them. Acknowledgements I would like to thank my family and friends for encouraging me back to school so I can one day parlay my BIZARRE interest into a bonafide career. Justification of Problem Are serial killers born or made? What stops us from killing a disloyal friend or total stranger with nice shoes? Or ? to rephrase the question ? what fails to stop some people from committing such murders? This question has baffled psychologist, sociologists and criminologists for many years, and is the very essence of trying to establish the nature of this crime. The born or made argument, known as the "Nature versus Nurture" debate, asks whether criminality is due to genetic factors, and therefore unavoidable, or whether it is the product of social situations, environmental surroundings or other external factors. While the debate is a noble one, we must first answer the question ? What is a serial killer? Literature Review On February 9, 1978, 12 year-old Kimberly Leach disappeared; she was found in the first week of April, her body discovered near Suwanee State Park. In 1609, 25 handpicked daughters of Polish nobles left home to attend instruction in social graces at the Csejthe Castle; none left alive. The body of Rose Ambramovitz was found sprawled a... ...nd just as the heroin addict?s need for a fix may drive him to steal, the serial killer?s obligation to the fantasy drives him to murder. In short, the cycle of the serial killer is no different from the cycle of any other addict, the end result being functionally the same as the heroin addict?s theft. Bibliography: References Abrahamsen, David. (1973). The Murdering Mind. New York: Harper & Row. Alexander, Bruce. (1988). "The Disease and Adaptive Models of Addiction." In Stanton Peele (ed.), Visions of Addiction. Lexington: DC Heath & Company. Rule, Ann. (1996). "The I-45 Killer". New York: New American Library. Schechter, Harold & Everitt, David. (1996). "A to Z: Encyclopedia of Serial Killers". New York: Pocket Books. U.S. Senate Judiciary Committee. (1984). "Serial Murders". Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office

My Theory of Personality

Theory of Personality: Introducing Myself as a Theorist Kaila Stevens Bethel College Personality Theory: Introducing Myself as a Theorist BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH During high school I excelled at all aspects of her life. Bright student who was on the board for the National Honor Society. Leader of Student Athletes for PACT. Academics was not the only thing I excellent at; sports was a big part of my life. I was 3rd team all state in basketball by the time I got to my senior year. I placed 8th in state in the 400, and was top ten ranked all of my junior and senior years.I was offered countless scholarships spread across the board in terms of divisions of schools and for more than one sport. I was a well rounded individual ready for college. I moved into Grace College in the fall of 2008 on a full track scholarship and my life took a turn for the negative. School and sports were no longer important to me. I was so dependent on my parents I did not know how to make my own choices. I spend th e next three years rebelling against the authority of Grace College, because I did not know how to handle myself.In 2011, I realized my rebellion was due to all the attention my brother was receiving for being autistic, and I wanted â€Å"something wrong with me too† so my parents could worry about me. Also, around this time of insight, I volunteered at the Crossing, an alternative middle school where I developed relationships with some amazing kids stuck in horrible situations. My life outlook changed from needing attention to wanting to give all my attention to others. THE BASIC NATURE OF HUMAN BEINGS My theory takes a humanistic approach in almost all aspects. I agree with Horney and Adler that our inherent nature is constructive. We strive to develop our healthy potential and pathological behavior occurs if this innate force toward positive growth is blocked by external social forces† (Introduction to theories of personality, 2010). However, unlike Horney and Adler I believe these social forces are of a sin nature. God's will for our lives is for us to spread his word and impact others with his teachings of love and truth. My definition of sinful nature is the inherited and deeply ingrained drive to rule our own lives by rebelling against God by meeting our own needs and our own wants apart from God.Our sinful nature is how we please ourselves and where our drive for superiority starts. Striving for superiority in my theory is established during the making of our sinful nature. We want to control ourselves and control others around us, we do this in sin by not following God's orders. My striving for superiority definition is not as complex as the sinful nature theory, because it is only a small part to our sinful nature. Our internal sinful nature mixes with our external actions to create blocked social forces. My opinions have come from my own understanding of Mark 7:21-23. For from within, out of the heart of men, proceed the evil thoughts, fornication, thefts, murders, adulteries, deeds of coveting and wickedness, all these evil things proceed from within and defile the man† (Bible, ). Since people are born inherently good, their behavior becomes blocked by our sinful nature, we spend our life driving towards self-actualization. My definition of self-actualization is the ongoing process of establishing oneself as a whole person and gaining the abilities to understand oneself. When we understand our sinful nature and we realize how deeply sinful we are we can reach self-actualization.My time spent with teens at the Crossing seeded this concept. The Crossing is an alternative Christian Middle School that specializes in transforming teens' hearts and minds as well has teaching the Indiana State requirements of education. All the teens attending the Crossing have been expelled from their precious schools because of fighting, foul language towards other students and teachers, or for drug use. Most of the teens come f rom broken homes and many do not live with their actual parents due to custody battles. Along with these factors many of the teens come from homes that place a low value on education.Sadly most do not reach their goals in the classroom because of many reasons due to family troubles. Most of the children have a blocked self-actualization because of the negative society they live in but they initially set out to do well for themselves by working towards good grades. The sinful nature of wickedness and evil things, as spoken about from Mark 7:21-23, block their will to establishing their whole self. Honrey states, â€Å"man has the capacity as well as desire to develop his potential and become a decent human being, and due to relationships with others disturbers growth† (Horney, 1942).My theory, like Honrey's passage, states people can try to do well for themselves but if this is done within a sinful nature, they cannot reach their full potential. Since I believe self-actualizat ion is blocked by social forces, another aspect of my basic nature is that individuals are always trying to compensate and overcome. In my theory as people strive to become superior they do so in two ways; compensation and overcoming. The term overcoming is defined as conquering a fear or challenge presented in an individuals mind.While the term compensate is borrowed from Adler. Compensation is a strategy where a person covers up frustrations, desires or feelings in one aspect of their life to excel in another. Since people are striving for self-actualization, â€Å"if a child faces weakness with optimism and courage, and strives for superiority by making the necessary effort satisfactory to feel less superior† (Adler, 1933). I interpreted Adler and used his words to form my own opinion of compensation and related it to my own personal experience.I have had a stuttering problem all of my life. I went to many speech pathologist from prekindergarten all the way to my senior ye ar of high school. In high school I overcompensated my stuttering by being number one on the sports field. On the field no words were needed, I expressed my true self without words by being the best and showing everyone I could do something above and beyond others. I used sports to compensate for my lack of verbal skills. My faith and my theory have an explanation for compensation and why as humans we feel the need to compensate.Christianity tell us to love ourselves because God made us in his image. As part of our sinful nature, I believe we compensate because we do not fully believe yet that we are made perfectly in his image. As people we find tiny imperfections within us and on our bodies all the time. We believe if we were perfect we would not have our imperfections. We compensate to hide our imperfections from ourselves. This is a good example within my theory regarding our sinful nature and how we need to first discover our sinful nature to reach our self-actualization.THE ST RUCTURE AND DEVELOPMENT OF PERSONALITY I believe our unconscious is extremely important to the development of our personality within society. The unconscious consists of the processes in the mind that occur automatically and are not available for the conscious to digest; that is it is outside of our understanding. My theory also states that a person does not wish to understand their unconscious because it holds their deepest darkest secrets they would not like shared with the social world in fear of being rejected. These deepest darkest secrets are called shades.Instead of using the term shadow like Jung I decided to make my own. Shade is an appropriate name for deepest darkest secrets, because shading is the blocking of the secrets and the shadows it has created. Shade is also consisted of the colors gray, black and white. These colors represent the blur of what we do not understand in our unconscious and the dark place it is. A person will use a number of defense mechanism like; r epression, projection and rationalization to cover up their sinful nature and to strive for superiority.A person does not want to face reality of their sins because they realize how much more deeply sinful they are than what they initially realized. I believe a person strives to be superiority in other aspects of their life to make up for their sinful nature and use defense mechanism to cope with the things that are unconscious. A persons shade is dark that a person must use defense mechanism to protect themselves. My definition of repression is a mental process of suppressing memories into the unconscious.My experience with stuttering at a young age was a traumatic experience and in order to protect myself I needed to repress those experiences. Elementary children do not understand why someone has a disability and making jokes about it is considered cool because at that age the understanding is not there. By repressing the memories I could move past the negative experience and try to have healthy relationships. Repression in my theory is not always a negative trait, sometimes a person needs to repress experiences to move on in their life to reach self actualization.A person uses projection has a means of an outlet to protect their unconscious emotions. My theory blends from Alders' definition of repression which is, â€Å"attributing one's feelings, shortcomings, or unacceptable impulses to others† (Adler, 1957). I interpreted this into my theory by stating projection is releasing tension without letting the conscious understand what is happening and my experiences at the Crossing furthermore proved my theory. The children at the Crossing would cuss and attempt to start physical fights with teachers because they were releasing their tension onto the teachers.A normal conversation could start a fight, because that's all it took for the projection to be triggered. The students would release their shortcomings in their lives onto others as a defense mecha nism. My theory realizes that a person does not comprehend they are even using projection. My theories last defensive mechanism is rationalization. This is the easiest defense to understand. A person unconsciously gives themselves a false explanation of their own behavior. Freud states, â€Å"rationalization was supposed to be an automatic self-protection reaction† (Feud). I agree with Freud but I explore the rationalization theory in more detail.Adler had another name for rationalization and that was private logic. â€Å"In the kind of erroneous and self-centered reasoning that supports what we want to do rather than what's good for us or for others† (Adler, 1957). My theory combines both definitions to create my own. A person thinks they understand what is good for them so they realization to self protect themselves only because they do not understand their potential. They rationalize because their self actualization is blocked by social forces therefore they only th ink something is good for them because they do not understand their potential.Therefore, a health person does not need to self rationalization their behavior because their self actualization is being meet and is not blocked. DEVELOPMENT OF PERSONALITY Erik Erikson had the epigenetic psycho-sexual stages of man in his personality theory. My theory has a similar stages of man but mine does not focus on the psycho-sexual but rather the development of personality through stages of life. A person on one side of the spectrum could stay in one stage their whole life or move progressively through, a person can only move through the stages after mastering the crisis at that stage.My theory is designed this way because I always have considered myself a late bloomer compared to others. Every person is different and finding their niche in a stage is up to the development of that person and their state of self actualization. My first stage starts at the beginning at birth and ends in an individu als thirty's. My first stage is labeled the environment stage. This is the first stage after a child is born and ends around 18 months. A baby cannot speak or communicate in any way except for cry. In this stage a baby first becomes aware of their environment.Since they can do nothing for themselves, a baby learns early on if their environment is a positive or negative environment. Hence, the start of self actualization within their environment. In this stage a child also chooses to be a positive or negative contribution to society. My second stage is the trusting stage, similar to Erikson's oral-sensory stage. This builds after the environment stage because a baby learns to trust their environment or mistrust it. Erikson backs up my claim with, â€Å"the amount of trust is derived from earlier infantile experience depends on the quality of the maternal relationship† (Erikson,1964 ).The caregiver is the child's main environment. If caregiver does not feed children or hold whi le child is crying mistrust is created. If the child has more mistrust over trust self actualization has already been blocked. Social forces have already showed the child their environment is flawed. Proving rising above hard. The third stage is the power stage. This is usually the potty training stage and starts around 18 months and last till around age three. A child wishes to express their needs and wants and pushes their environment anyway they can.This is where a child begins to want to achieve and rise about their negative environment. They want to express their power over their caregivers who have provided for them. A child wants to show they can do things themselves. This is the beginnings of a child thinking of being superior over others. Superior in that this stage is the start of the striving for superiority. A child understands their limitations and tries to gain power in other ways. This idea of superior is a new concept and a child does not understand how to express it yet.The fourth stage is the curiosity stage and starts at age three and last till the child is about five years old. A child is becoming more involved within their environment. They want to contribute but since they have no knowledge base to contribute they explore the options presented in their environment. They learn and this is the beginning of understanding what is acceptable in society and what is not. A sense of pride when mastering a learned activity is a common trait in this stage. The four stages listed above happen early on in life, usually between 0 and 5 years.Most hit the stages when their peers do but some do fly through them while others take longer in some areas. My theory does not put set ages on stages because each person is different. My theory on developing personality does not put a set age on a stage because I know people can still be healthy and be slow in some stages and master others quickly. The fifth stage is labeled the character stage, like Erikson's st age of identity vs confusion and becomes around age five and seven. This is where the child needs to be a heard and an appreciated connection in their environment. Their self esteem is built and destroyed in this stage.I based this part of my theory on my interpretation of Erikson's passage of, â€Å"Like a trapeze artist, the young person in the middle of vigorous motion must let go of his safe hold on childhood and reach out for for a firm gasp on adulthood† (Erikson, 1964). The sinful nature of people can negatively affect self actualization and blocked a persons growth. This is also the stage a person picks what they want to try to excel in and go for their fit, triggering their beginning introduction to adulthood. The sixth stage is closely following the character stage and sometimes can happen at the same time.Usually this stage starts around seven years and lasts till around age 12. No matter if self actualization is happening or not this stage is where a person learns they cannot excel at everything better than everyone else. This is where compensation is developed. A person tried to compensate what they lack into something they are good at so they feel a sense of superiority. This is a very important stage for the developed of a person. When a person realizes their sinful nature is much more than what they original thought a child will try to make up for it by being superior in another area.A person driven by a sinful nature always has to feel superior over someone else in some aspect of their life. This stage is considered the compensation stage. A person cannot become fully self actualized t unless they realize they cannot be the best at everything and their sinful nature will always be present. If a person does not overcome this stage they cannot have developed lasting relationships with others. The later stages are harder to achieve if defense mechanisms are in place due to prior experiences. A person must work through some of their repress ion, projection, and realization to achieve the later stages of life.Not every shade has to be revealed but some has to come into light so a person can understand themselves well enough to grow into the next stages. The seventh stage is the acquaintance stage and starts around age twelve and lasts till early twenties. This stage resembles Erik's intimacy vs isolation stage. After the sixth stage a person begins to develop deeper feelings for others around them. Since they have felt superior over others a person feels they can gain recognition and support from significant others. This is where a person finally feels it is okay to be them because they have felt superior.My theory is important to understand that a person cannot maturely love another without feeling a sense of superiority over someone. The reason being because they have to first appreciate themselves before they can let others appreciate them. A person struggling at this stage can cause problems in their relationships f rom past broken relationships they watched as a child. The eighth stage involves another person and has an age around between twenty to thirty years. Intimacy is where two people have enough trust in each other to put aside their superiority complex.The two people enter into mature love. This is the stage people consider getting married and sharing their future with someone else. They realize their partner is going to be better at things then them and that is okay because they have trust that their significant other likes them for who they are in God's image. Signs of divorces happens in this stage due to the lack of putting aside their superior attitude and letting their own will dominate. Divorce can happen in any later stage but in this stage if superior attitudes are not put aside, the marriage could be marked for divorce.A person still believe they are better than their partner and nothing their partner does is ever good enough. This thinking can lead to fights, problems and bu ilt up of negative emotions. This is the result in lack of trust. This is where moving on from the trust stage correctly is key. If a person mistrust others they cannot fully give themselves to their partner. The mistrust leads to fear. Fear that the other person sees their true self and that self is not good enough. The Bible tells us in John 4:18, â€Å"There is no fear in love; but perfect love casteth out fear because fear hath torment.He that that fearth is not made prefect love† (Bible). The Bible points to mature love and fear as being opposites. When a person is confident in themselves they do not fear their partner loving them for their true self's. My theory states above that a better cannot become confident in themselves with feeling superior to someone. Thus stage seven and eight follow each other. The ninth stage in my theory is the stage of asserting themselves into their world and begins after marriage. This is a stage where that person is ready to accept full responsible of themselves and their significant other.Usually a person strives for a profession not just simply a job. They want to assert themselves and use their superiority to expand into their work. In this stage a person establishes themselves in the adult world. This is the largest stage in my theory because a person is always growing and changing to become who they wish to become. If self actualization is blocked a person cannot reach their full potential and they underachieve. A person will compensate in this stage to make their dreams come true. My last stage is the mature adult stage and is found somewhere in middle adult life.This stage is defined has understanding that as an adult taking care of significant others you will have to do unpleasant tasks that they know will have to be achieved. In this stage a person takes responsibility for their own life, even the parts they do not like or didn't particular choose to live. I believe in this stage a person understands their sinful nature and understand how they have been been made in God's perfect image. Everyone has heard of a midlife adult crisis, and my theory explains how a person can go through it.A midlife crisis is defined has an identity and self-confidence that can occur in the middle of life because a person is struggling to find who they are in God's image. Life stated above I believe we are all different and will all hit the stages at different times. I believe a person must complete all stages to achieve self-actualization. If a stage is not overcame correctly, it will affect the next stage. My theory is different in that I believe a person can fix previous stages while being in a different stage. I believe this because we can realize our past mistakes and correct them. God has made it clear that we are his sinful people.FUTHER APPLICATIONS Unlike most psychologists, I do not believe our dreams have much stock in our unconscious or our shades we store within it. I believe we are merely hu man and do not have all the answers but we try to pretend that we do. We try to base a decision largely on a piece of information only because we saw it pop up in our dream or we rationalize that we are supposed to do something but we dreamed about it. I believe dreams are only created from the last things we think about before we drift into sleep. The things we think about right before sleep are fresh in our minds so our brain continues to process them.I have come to this conclusion because of how I study. I study normal during day but right before going to sleep I can read over my notes and drift off to sleep rereading them to myself. Most likely than not I will dream about something I have studied. My theory is the opposite of Freud and his followers regarding dream interpretation. His dream interpretation is defined has the assigning of meaning to dreams. He has concepts of manifest content, latent dream-thoughts and dream work. He is also under the impression we remember our dr eams upon waking and dreams are supposed to be fulling.The only aspect of his theory that my theory agrees with is the symbolic nature of dreams. I cannot possible begin to describe every dream I have ever had. Nobody can remember each dream so his term of manifest content does not hold truth in my theory. I disagree with latent dream-thoughts concept as well, as stated above, psychologists cannot interpret symbols within dreams. But, my theory agrees somewhat with the symbolic nature of dreams. Like I said dreams are only the last thoughts we have before sleep. If a person has a thought of someone they do not like they could dream of punching that person in their dream.The act of negatively hurting the person shows how they dislike them. My theory does agree with the symbolic nature of dreams. With this being stated, symbolic dreams are defined has the dreams representing an action or thought you have hidden within a person's shade. The neurosis of a person is their sinful nature a nd how society alters a person from God's image. A Christian can only be free of the burden of their sinful nature by believing and understanding Christ sent his only son to the cross for us. A person has a negative neurosis when they have an excessive tension because of lack in trust of God's plan for them on this world.Tension is built when a persons sinful nature is overpowering and a person knows their nature is wrong. A person is only fulfilling their needs, not God's plan for them. Isiah 61:1-3 shows us what God planned to do with each of our lives. He knows we have problems but since he is God we can only overcome our sinful nature. To fix a persons neurosis they must obey God above their sinful nature and discipline themselves to read his word and understand our personal struggles have already been overcome by our Lord. My psychotherapy approach understands fixing a persons' neurosis is not always has simple has following God's words.If it was that easy everyone would live a life without sin; which is not possible. This is where a trained psychologists can have a positive impact in your life. Like many humanistic approaches, my theory called for a personal relationship between patient and therapist. A therapist can use their own life and experiences as an example of how a Christian life should be lived. A Christian is not perfect nor do they not make mistakes. By developing a personal relationship the therapist can show examples of their past mistakes and how with God's grace they have moved past that aspect of their sinful nature.The therapist can help a patient work through their sinful nature to come to self-actualization. If a person is not a Christian and they go to a therapist using my theory the therapist must bring the person to Christ or at least have the understanding of where my theory is based on. Without understanding how they can never really out live their sinful nature, but God loves us for who we are. EVALUTION There are strengths and weakness involved when dissusing any theory but for mine specifically s

Brand Credibility, Brand Consideration, and Choice by Joffre Swait

Brand Credibility, Brand Consideration, and Choice by Joffre Swait Abstract The purpose of this essay is to review the article â€Å"Brand Credibility, Brand Consideration, and Choice† by Joffre Swait and Tulin Erdem. The article identifies the effects of brand credibility towards successful marketing. The authors have used an appropriate research design in order to get the best results.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on â€Å"Brand Credibility, Brand Consideration, and Choice† by Joffre Swait specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to the authors, trustworthiness is a powerful tool because it encourages many consumers to make positive purchasing decisions. New studies are critical towards exploring the benefits of effective marketing practices. Such dynamics can determine the success of every marketing strategy. The authors encourage future researchers to examine how consumers develop unique purchasing behaviors. This essay also supports our class text bec ause it offers the best insights to different learners. Critique The article â€Å"Brand Credibility, Brand Consideration, and Choice† examines a unique issue affecting many consumers and marketers. Brand credibility is associated with â€Å"expertise and trustworthiness† (Erdem Swait, 2004, p. 193). The article goes further to analyze how brand credibility affects the decisions made by different consumers. The scholars have organized their article in a professional manner thus making it meaningful. The issues discussed in the article are easy to understand. The researchers have offered the best representations and discussions. The researchers have included an abstract in this article. The literature review informs the reader about the targeted objectives and findings. This approach makes the article clear and worth reading. Quality research articles should always have appropriate study methodologies. It is agreeable that the authors used the best research methodology in order to get quality results. To begin with, the authors identified three hypotheses to guide their study. The researchers used a simple analysis method (SAM) to examine how brand clarity influences the decisions made by consumers. The authors â€Å"identified six product classes in order to get the best results† (Erdem Swait, 2004, p. 193). These product classes included â€Å"cellular telecommunications services, athletic shoes, juices, headache medications, personal computers, and hair shampoos† (Erdem Swait, 2004, p. 192).Advertising Looking for critical writing on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The researchers identified the best respondents before undertaking their study. This approach made it possible for the researchers to get the best results. The scholars also interpreted their results in a professional manner. This article is relevant because it supports our course content. According to our class readings, marketers should use the best advertising models in order to achieve their goals. According to Erdem and Swait (2004), every consumer purchases the best products in order to satisfy his or her needs. That being the case, advertisers and marketers should ensure their brands are admirable. Brand clarity also plays a major role towards the success of different products. It is agreeable that brand trustworthiness is capable of affecting the choices made by different consumers. Brand trustworthiness is critical because it determines the success (or failure) of a given product. Many researchers have also analyzed how brand clarity affects the success of various products. This article is worth reading because it equips advertisers with useful marketing ideas. Every marketer wants to get the best results. The ideas and concepts presented in this article will ensure every marketer realizes his or her potentials. This article also supports my marketi ng skills and experiences. Many consumers â€Å"will have to trust a specific brand before purchasing it† (Erdem Swait, 2004, p. 194). This fact explains why every marketer uses the concept of brand clarity to attract more customers. Brand credibility makes it easier â€Å"for consumers to purchase the best products in order to fulfill their needs† (Erdem Swait, 2004, p. 196). Brand credibility makes it easier for consumers to make good decisions. This practice encourages them to purchase the best products. The ideas and concepts presented in this article support the expectations of many marketers. This knowledge will make it possible for them to achieve their marketing objectives.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on â€Å"Brand Credibility, Brand Consideration, and Choice† by Joffre Swait specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The article’s premises and conclusions are useful to every marketer. According to Erdem and Swait (2004), trustworthiness is something meaningful because it affects the decisions made by different consumers. This concept encourages consumers to purchase their favorite commodities (Erdem Swait, 2004). According to the author, several factors influences the decisions made by different customers. Credibility effects â€Å"are also common in different product classes† (Erdem Swait, 2004, p. 194). These arguments are useful because they support our course frameworks. The article widens our skills and competencies towards achieving every marketing objective. The article encourages future researchers â€Å"to examine how Choice Dynamics (CDs) can affect the decisions made by consumers† (Erdem Swait, 2004, p. 197). This article by Erdem and Swait widens our understanding towards effective marketing. Our class text offers useful models that can make every marketer successful. The article is a useful source of marketing ideas and sk ills (Erdem Swait, 2004). The class materials encourage every learner to apply different marketing models. The class text fulfills the needs of every learner. Scholars should undertake more studies in order to formulate the best marketing strategies (Erdem Swait, 2004). This practice will ensure every advertiser achieves his or her business goals. The presented course frameworks will ensure every student benefits from this learning experience. Reference Erdem, T., Swait, J. (2004). Brand Credibility, Brand Consideration, and Choice. Journal of Consumer Research, 31(1), 191-198.